Firs install the apt-proxy package using synaptic or apt-get
apt-get install apt-proxy
Then edit the follwing in apt proxy configuration file
vim /etc/apt-proxy/apt-proxyv2.conf
Edit the Server IP to listen on
address = Your server ip address (eg.192.168.1.187)
add the following entry to /etc/apt/source.list on your client also coment out all the default repositary
deb http://aptproxyserverip:9999/ubuntu/ gutsy main universe restricted musletiver
deb http://aptproxyserverip:9999/ubuntu gutsy partner
eg
deb http://192.168.1.187:9999/ubuntu/ gutsy main universe restricted musletiver
finally restart the apt service
/etc/init.d/apt-proxy restart
Monday, November 10, 2008
Port numbers
Port Numbers
http 80/tcp World Wide Web HTTP
https 443/tcp http protocol over TLS/SSL
smtp 25/tcp Simple Mail Transfer
snmp 161/tcp SNMP
ftp-data 20/tcp File Transfer [Default Data]
ftp 21/tcp File Transfer [Control]
ftps-data 989/tcp ftp protocol, data, over TLS/SS
ftps 990/tcp ftp protocol, control, over
TLS/SSL
telnet 23/tcp Telnet
telnets 992/tcp telnet protocol over TLS/SSL
nfs 2049/tcp Network File System - Sun
Microsystems
pop2 109/tcp Post Office Protocol - Version 2
pop3 110/tcp Post Office Protocol - Version 3
imap 143/tcp Internet Message Access Protocol
imaps 993/tcp imap4 protocol over TLS/SSL
tftp 69/tcp Trivial File Transfer
tftps 3713/tcp TFTP over TLS
domain 53/tcp Domain Name Server
nntp 119/tcp Network News Transfer Protocol
dhcpv6-client 546/tcp DHCPv6 Client
dhcpv6-server 547/tcp DHCPv6 Server
ldap 389/tcp Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
sftp 115/tcp Simple File Transfer Protocol
ssh 22/tcp SSH Remote Login Protocol
msft-gc 3268/tcp Microsoft Global Catalog
msft-gc-ssl 3269/tcp Microsoft Global Catalog with
LDAP/SSL
............................................................ .............
There r 65,535port numbers.out of that
0-1023 are well known port numbers.
1024-49,151 are Registered.
49,152-65,535 are Dynamic or private ports.
Below r some of the well known ports:-
Port Description status
0/TCP,UDP Reserved; do not use (but is a permissible source
port value if the sending process does not expect messages
in response) 1/TCP,UDP TCPMUX (TCP port service
multiplexer) Official
5/TCP,UDP RJE (Remote Job Entry)
7/TCP,UDP ECHO protocol
9/TCP,UDP DISCARD protocol
11/TCP,UDP SYSTAT protocol
13/TCP,UDP DAYTIME protocol
17/TCP,UDP QOTD (Quote of the Day) protocol
18/TCP,UDP Message Send Protocol
19/TCP,UDP CHARGEN (Character Generator) protocol
20/TCP FTP - data port
21/TCP FTP - control (command) port
22/TCP,UDP SSH (Secure Shell) - used for secure logins,
file transfers (scp, sftp) and port forwarding
23/TCP,UDP Telnet protocol - unencrypted text
communications
25/TCP,UDP SMTP - used for e-mail routing between
mailservers E-mails
26/TCP,UDP RSFTP - A simple FTP-like protocol
35/TCP,UDP QMS Magicolor 2 printer
37/TCP,UDP TIME protocol
38/TCP,UDP Route Access Protocol
39/TCP,UDP Resource Location Protocol
41/TCP,UDP Graphics
42/TCP,UDP Host Name Server
42/TCP,UDP WINS [1]
43/TCP WHOIS protocol
49/TCP,UDP TACACS Login Host protocol
53/TCP,UDP DNS (Domain Name System)
57/TCP MTP, Mail Transfer Protocol
67/UDP BOOTP (BootStrap Protocol) server; also used by DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
68/UDP BOOTP client; also used by DHCP
69/UDP TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
70/TCP Gopher protocol
79/TCP Finger protocol
80/TCP HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) - used for
transferring web pages
81/TCP HTTP Alternate (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
81/TCP Torpark - Onion routing ORport
82/UDP Torpark - Control Port Unofficial
88/TCP Kerberos - authenticating agent
101/TCP HOSTNAME
102/TCP ISO-TSAP protocol
107/TCP Remote Telnet Service
109/TCP POP, Post Office Protocol, version 2
110/TCP POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) - used for
retrieving E-mails
111/TCP,UDP SUNRPC protocol
113/TCP ident - old server identification system, still
used by IRC servers to identify its users
115/TCP SFTP, Simple File Transfer Protocol
117/TCP UUCP-PATH
118/TCP,UDP SQL Services
119/TCP NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - used for
retrieving newsgroups messages
123/UDP NTP (Network Time Protocol) - used for time
synchronization
135/TCP,UDP EPMAP (End Point Mapper) / Microsoft RPC
Locator Service
137/TCP,UDP NetBIOS NetBIOS Name Service
138/TCP,UDP NetBIOS NetBIOS Datagram Service
139/TCP,UDP NetBIOS NetBIOS Session Service
143/TCP,UDP IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol 4) -
used for retrieving E-mails
152/TCP,UDP BFTP, Background File Transfer Program
153/TCP,UDP SGMP, Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol
156/TCP,UDP SQL Service
158/TCP,UDP DMSP, Distributed Mail Service Protocol
161/TCP,UDP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
162/TCP,UDP SNMPTRAP
170/TCP Print-srv
179/TCP BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
194/TCP IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
201/TCP,UDP AppleTalk Routing Maintenance
209/TCP,UDP The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
213/TCP,UDP IPX
218/TCP,UDP MPP, Message Posting Protocol
220/TCP,UDP IMAP, Interactive Mail Access Protocol, version
3
259/TCP,UDP ESRO, Efficient Short Remote Operations
264/TCP,UDP BGMP, Border Gateway Multicast Protocol
311/TCP Apple Server-Admin-Tool, Workgroup-Manager-Tool
318/TCP,UDP TSP, Time Stamp Protocol
323/TCP,UDP IMMP, Internet Message Mapping Protocol
383/TCP,UDP HP OpenView HTTPs Operations Agent
366/TCP,UDP SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. ODMR, On-
Demand Mail Relay
369/TCP,UDP Rpc2portmap
371/TCP,UDP ClearCase albd
384/TCP,UDP A Remote Network Server System
387/TCP,UDP AURP, AppleTalk Update-based Routing Protocol
389/TCP,UDP LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
401/TCP,UDP UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
411/TCP Direct Connect Hub port
412/TCP Direct Connect Client-To-Client port
427/TCP,UDP SLP (Service Location Protocol)
443/TCP HTTPS - HTTP Protocol over TLS/SSL (encrypted
transmission)
444/TCP,UDP SNPP, Simple Network Paging Protocol
445/TCP Microsoft-DS (Active Directory, Windows shares,
Sasser worm, Agobot, Zobotworm) Official
445/UDP Microsoft-DS SMB file sharing Official
464/TCP,UDP Kerberos Change/Set password Official
465/TCP SMTP over SSL - CONFLICT with registered Cisco
protocol Conflict
500/TCP,UDP ISAKMP, IKE-Internet Key Exchange Official
512/TCP exec, Remote Process Execution-- Malayalam Font installation on debian
Download and copy malayalam fonts to /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype, open a console and do the following
1 sudo apt-get install x-ttcidfont-conf libft-perl
2 sudo defoma-hints -c --no-question truetype /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype/* > /etc/defoma/hints/localfonts.hints
3 sudo defoma-font register-all /etc/defoma/hints/localfonts.hints
4 sudo defoma-reconfigure
Logout and restart X (ctrl+alt+backspace)
1 sudo apt-get install x-ttcidfont-conf libft-perl
2 sudo defoma-hints -c --no-question truetype /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype/* > /etc/defoma/hints/localfonts.hints
3 sudo defoma-font register-all /etc/defoma/hints/localfonts.hints
4 sudo defoma-reconfigure
Logout and restart X (ctrl+alt+backspace)
Saturday, November 8, 2008
AIX COMMANDS
Kernel
How would I know if I am running a 32-bit kernel or 64-bit kernel?
To display if the kernel is 32-bit enabled or 64-bit enabled, type:
bootinfo –K
How do I know if I am running a uniprocessor kernel or a multiprocessor kernel?
/unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_up # 32 bit uniprocessor kernel
/unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp # 32 bit multiprocessor kernel
/unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 # 64 bit multiprocessor kernel
Note:AIX 5L Version 5.3 does not support a uniprocessor kernel.
How can I change from one kernel mode to another?
ln -sf /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 /unix
ln -sf /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 /usr/lib/boot/unix
bosboot -ad /dev/hdiskxx
shutdown -r
The /dev/hdiskxx directory is where the boot logical volume /dev/hd5 is located. To find out what xx is in hdiskxx, run the following command:
lslv -m hd5
Note:In AIX 5.2, the 32-bit kernel is installed by default. In AIX 5.3, the 64-bit kernel is installed on 64-bit hardware and the 32-bit kernel is installed on 32-bit hardware by default.
Hardware
How would I know if my machine is capable of running AIX 5L Version 5.3?
AIX 5L Version 5.3 runs on all currently supported CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform)-based POWER hardware.
How would I know if my machine is CHRP-based?
Run the prtconf command. If it's a CHRP machine, the string chrp appears on the Model Architecture line.
How would I know if my System p machine (hardware) is 32-bit or 64-bit?
To display if the hardware is 32-bit or 64-bit, type:
bootinfo -y
How much real memory does my machine have?
To display real memory in kilobytes (KB), type one of the following:
bootinfo -r
lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem
Can my machine run the 64-bit kernel?
64-bit hardware is required to run the 64-bit kernel.
What are the values of attributes for devices in my system?
To list the current values of the attributes for the tape device, rmt0, type:
lsattr -l rmt0 -E
To list the default values of the attributes for the tape device, rmt0, type:
lsattr -l rmt0 -D
To list the possible values of the login attribute for the TTY device, tty0, type:
lsattr -l tty0 -a login -R
To display system level attributes, type:
lsattr -E -l sys0
How many processors does my system have?
To display the number of processors on your system, type:
lscfg grep proc
How many hard disks does my system have and which ones are in use?
To display the number of hard disks on your system, type:
lspv
How do I list information about a specific physical volume?
To find details about hdisk1, for example, run the following command:
lspv hdisk1
How do I get a detailed configuration of my system?
lscfg
The following options provide specific information:
-p
Displays platform-specific device information. The flag is applicable to AIX 4.2.1 or later.
-v
Displays the VPD (Vital Product Database) found in the customized VPD object class.
For example, to display details about the tape drive, rmt0, type:
lscfg -vl rmt0
You can obtain very similar information by running the prtconf command.
How do I find out the chip type, system name, node name, model number, and so forth?
uname -p
Displays the chip type of the system. For example, PowerPC.
uname -r
Displays the release number of the operating system.
uname -s
Displays the system name. For example, AIX.
uname -n
Displays the name of the node.
uname -a
Displays the system name, nodename, version, machine ID.
uname -M
Displays the system model name. For example, IBM, 9114-275.
uname -v
Displays the operating system version.
uname -m
Displays the machine ID number of the hardware running the system.
uname -u
Displays the system ID number.
AIX
What version, release, and maintenance level of AIX is running on my system?
Type one of the following:
oslevel -r
lslpp -h bos.rte
How can I determine which fileset updates are missing from a particular AIX level?
To determine which fileset updates are missing from 5300-04, for example, run the following command:
oslevel -rl 5300-04
What SP (Service Pack) is installed on my system?
To see which SP is currently installed on the system, run the oslevel -s command. Sample output for an AIX 5L Version 5.3 system, with TL4, and SP2 installed would be:
oslevel –s
5300-04-02
Is a CSP (Concluding Service Pack) installed on my system?
To see if a CSP is currently installed on the system, run the oslevel -s command. Sample output for an AIX 5L Version 5.3 system, with TL3, and CSP installed would be:
oslevel –s
5300-03-CSP
How do I create a file system?
The following command will create, within volume group testvg, a jfs file system of 10MB with mounting point /fs1:
crfs -v jfs -g testvg -a size=10M -m /fs1
The following command will create, within volume group testvg, a jfs2 file system of 10MB with mounting point /fs2 and having read only permissions:
crfs -v jfs2 -g testvg -a size=10M -p ro -m /fs2
How do I change the size of a file system?
To increase the /usr file system size by 1000000 512-byte blocks, type:
chfs -a size=+1000000 /usr
Note:In AIX 5.3, the size of a JFS2 file system can be shrunk as well.
How do I mount a CD?
Type the following:
mount -V cdrfs -o ro /dev/cd0 /cdrom
How do I mount a file system?
The following command will mount file system /dev/fslv02 on the /test directory:
mount /dev/fslv02 /test
How do I mount all default file systems (all standard file systems in the /etc/filesystems file marked by the mount=true attribute)?
The following command will mount all such file systems:
mount {-aall}
How do I unmount a file system?
Type the following command to unmount /test file system:
umount /test
How do I display mounted file systems?
Type the following command to display information about all currently mounted file systems:
mount
How do I remove a file system?
Type the following command to remove the /test file system:
rmfs /test
How can I defragment a file system?
The defragfs command can be used to improve or report the status of contiguous space within a file system. For example, to defragment the file system /home, use the following command:
defragfs /home
Which fileset contains a particular binary?
To show bos.acct contains /usr/bin/vmstat, type:
lslpp -w /usr/bin/vmstat
Or to show bos.perf.tools contains /usr/bin/svmon, type:
which_fileset svmon
How do I display information about installed filesets on my system?
Type the following:
lslpp -l
How do I determine if all filesets of maintenance levels are installed on my system?
Type the following:
instfix -i grep ML
How do I determine if a fix is installed on my system?
To determine if IY24043 is installed, type:
instfix -ik IY24043
How do I install an individual fix by APAR?
To install APAR IY73748 from /dev/cd0, for example, enter the command:
instfix -k IY73748 -d /dev/cd0
How do I verify if filesets have required prerequisites and are completely installed?
To show which filesets need to be installed or corrected, type:
lppchk -v
How do I get a dump of the header of the loader section and the symbol entries in symbolic representation?
Type the following:
dump -Htv
How do I determine the amount of paging space allocated and in use?
Type the following:
lsps -a
How do I increase a paging space?
You can use the chps -s command to dynamically increase the size of a paging space. For example, if you want to increase the size of hd6 with 3 logical partitions, you issue the following command:
chps -s 3 hd6
How do I reduce a paging space?
You can use the chps -d command to dynamically reduce the size of a paging space. For example, if you want to decrease the size of hd6 with four logical partitions, you issue the following command:
chps -d 4 hd6
How would I know if my system is capable of using Simultaneous Multi-threading (SMT)?
Your system is capable of SMT if it's a POWER5-based system running AIX 5L Version 5.3.
How would I know if SMT is enabled for my system?
If you run the smtctl command without any options, it tells you if it's enabled or not.
Is SMT supported for the 32-bit kernel?
Yes, SMT is supported for both 32-bit and 64-bit kernel.
How do I enable or disable SMT?
You can enable or disable SMT by running the smtctl command. The following is the syntax:
smtctl [ -m off on [ -w boot now]]
The following options are available:
-m off
Sets SMT mode to disabled.
-m on
Sets SMT mode to enabled.
-w boot
Makes the SMT mode change effective on next and subsequent reboots if you run the bosboot command before the next system reboot.
-w now
Makes the SMT mode change immediately but will not persist across reboot.
If neither the -w boot or the -w now options are specified, then the mode change is made immediately. It persists across subsequent reboots if you run the bosboot command before the next system reboot.
How do I get partition-specific information and statistics?
The lparstat command provides a report of partition information and utilization statistics. This command also provides a display of Hypervisor information.
Volume groups and logical volumes
How do I know if my volume group is normal, big, or scalable?
Run the lsvg command on the volume group and look at the value for MAX PVs. The value is 32 for normal, 128 for big, and 1024 for scalable volume group.
How to create a volume group?
Use the following command, where s partition_size sets the number of megabytes (MB) in each physical partition where the partition_size is expressed in units of MB from 1 through 1024. (It's 1 through 131072 for AIX 5.3.) The partition_size variable must be equal to a power of 2 (for example: 1, 2, 4, 8). The default value for standard and big volume groups is the lowest value to remain within the limitation of 1016 physical partitions per physical volume. The default value for scalable volume groups is the lowest value to accommodate 2040 physical partitions per physical volume.
mkvg -y name_of_volume_group -s partition_size list_of_hard_disks
How can I change the characteristics of a volume group?
You use the following command to change the characteristics of a volume group:
chvg
How do I create a logical volume?
Type the following:
mklv -y name_of_logical_volume name_of_volume_group number_of_partition
How do I increase the size of a logical volume?
To increase the size of the logical volume represented by the lv05 directory by three logical partitions, for example, type:
extendlv lv05 3
How do I display all logical volumes that are part of a volume group (for example, rootvg)?
You can display all logical volumes that are part of rootvg by typing the following command:
lsvg -l rootvg
How do I list information about logical volumes?
Run the following command to display information about the logical volume lv1:
lslv lv1
How do I remove a logical volume?
You can remove the logical volume lv7 by running the following command:
rmlv lv7
The rmlv command removes only the logical volume, but does not remove other entities, such as file systems or paging spaces that were using the logical volume.
How do I mirror a logical volume?
1. mklvcopy LogicalVolumeName Numberofcopies
2. syncvg VolumeGroupName
How do I remove a copy of a logical volume?
You can use the rmlvcopy command to remove copies of logical partitions of a logical volume. To reduce the number of copies of each logical partition belonging to logical volume testlv, enter:
rmlvcopy testlv 2
Each logical partition in the logical volume now has at most two physical partitions.
Queries about volume groups
To show volume groups in the system, type:
lsvg
To show all the characteristics of rootvg, type:
lsvg rootvg
To show disks used by rootvg, type:
lsvg -p rootvg
How to add a disk to a volume group?
Type the following:
extendvg VolumeGroupName hdisk0 hdisk1 ... hdiskn
How do I find out what the maximum supported logical track group (LTG) size of my hard disk?
You can use the lquerypv command with the -M flag. The output gives the LTG size in KB. For instance, the LTG size for hdisk0 in the following example is 256 KB.
/usr/sbin/lquerypv -M hdisk0
256
You can also run the lspv command on the hard disk and look at the value for MAX REQUEST.
What does syncvg command do?
The syncvg command is used to synchronize stale physical partitions. It accepts names of logical volumes, physical volumes, or volume groups as parameters.
For example, to synchronize the physical partitions located on physical volumes hdisk6 and hdisk7, use:
syncvg -p hdisk4 hdisk5
To synchronize all physical partitions from volume group testvg, use:
syncvg -v testvg
How do I replace a disk?
1. extendvg VolumeGroupName hdisk_new
2. migratepv hdisk_bad hdisk_new
3. reducevg -d VolumeGroupName hdisk_bad
How can I clone (make a copy of ) the rootvg?
You can run the alt_disk_copy command to copy the current rootvg to an alternate disk. The following example shows how to clone the rootvg to hdisk1.
alt_disk_copy -d hdisk1
Network
How can I display or set values for network parameters?
The no command sets or displays current or next boot values for network tuning parameters.
How do I get the IP address of my machine?
Type one of the following:
ifconfig -a
host Fully_Qualified_Host_Name
For example, type host cyclop.austin.ibm.com.
How do I identify the network interfaces on my server?
Either of the following two commands will display the network interfaces:
lsdev -Cc if
ifconfig -a
To get information about one specific network interface, for example, tr0, run the command:
ifconfig tr0
How do I activate a network interface?
To activate the network interface tr0, run the command:
ifconfig tr0 up
How do I deactivate a network interface?
For example, to deactivate the network interface tr0, run the command:
ifconfig tr0 down
How would I know if I am running a 32-bit kernel or 64-bit kernel?
To display if the kernel is 32-bit enabled or 64-bit enabled, type:
bootinfo –K
How do I know if I am running a uniprocessor kernel or a multiprocessor kernel?
/unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_up # 32 bit uniprocessor kernel
/unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp # 32 bit multiprocessor kernel
/unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 # 64 bit multiprocessor kernel
Note:AIX 5L Version 5.3 does not support a uniprocessor kernel.
How can I change from one kernel mode to another?
ln -sf /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 /unix
ln -sf /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 /usr/lib/boot/unix
bosboot -ad /dev/hdiskxx
shutdown -r
The /dev/hdiskxx directory is where the boot logical volume /dev/hd5 is located. To find out what xx is in hdiskxx, run the following command:
lslv -m hd5
Note:In AIX 5.2, the 32-bit kernel is installed by default. In AIX 5.3, the 64-bit kernel is installed on 64-bit hardware and the 32-bit kernel is installed on 32-bit hardware by default.
Hardware
How would I know if my machine is capable of running AIX 5L Version 5.3?
AIX 5L Version 5.3 runs on all currently supported CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform)-based POWER hardware.
How would I know if my machine is CHRP-based?
Run the prtconf command. If it's a CHRP machine, the string chrp appears on the Model Architecture line.
How would I know if my System p machine (hardware) is 32-bit or 64-bit?
To display if the hardware is 32-bit or 64-bit, type:
bootinfo -y
How much real memory does my machine have?
To display real memory in kilobytes (KB), type one of the following:
bootinfo -r
lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem
Can my machine run the 64-bit kernel?
64-bit hardware is required to run the 64-bit kernel.
What are the values of attributes for devices in my system?
To list the current values of the attributes for the tape device, rmt0, type:
lsattr -l rmt0 -E
To list the default values of the attributes for the tape device, rmt0, type:
lsattr -l rmt0 -D
To list the possible values of the login attribute for the TTY device, tty0, type:
lsattr -l tty0 -a login -R
To display system level attributes, type:
lsattr -E -l sys0
How many processors does my system have?
To display the number of processors on your system, type:
lscfg grep proc
How many hard disks does my system have and which ones are in use?
To display the number of hard disks on your system, type:
lspv
How do I list information about a specific physical volume?
To find details about hdisk1, for example, run the following command:
lspv hdisk1
How do I get a detailed configuration of my system?
lscfg
The following options provide specific information:
-p
Displays platform-specific device information. The flag is applicable to AIX 4.2.1 or later.
-v
Displays the VPD (Vital Product Database) found in the customized VPD object class.
For example, to display details about the tape drive, rmt0, type:
lscfg -vl rmt0
You can obtain very similar information by running the prtconf command.
How do I find out the chip type, system name, node name, model number, and so forth?
uname -p
Displays the chip type of the system. For example, PowerPC.
uname -r
Displays the release number of the operating system.
uname -s
Displays the system name. For example, AIX.
uname -n
Displays the name of the node.
uname -a
Displays the system name, nodename, version, machine ID.
uname -M
Displays the system model name. For example, IBM, 9114-275.
uname -v
Displays the operating system version.
uname -m
Displays the machine ID number of the hardware running the system.
uname -u
Displays the system ID number.
AIX
What version, release, and maintenance level of AIX is running on my system?
Type one of the following:
oslevel -r
lslpp -h bos.rte
How can I determine which fileset updates are missing from a particular AIX level?
To determine which fileset updates are missing from 5300-04, for example, run the following command:
oslevel -rl 5300-04
What SP (Service Pack) is installed on my system?
To see which SP is currently installed on the system, run the oslevel -s command. Sample output for an AIX 5L Version 5.3 system, with TL4, and SP2 installed would be:
oslevel –s
5300-04-02
Is a CSP (Concluding Service Pack) installed on my system?
To see if a CSP is currently installed on the system, run the oslevel -s command. Sample output for an AIX 5L Version 5.3 system, with TL3, and CSP installed would be:
oslevel –s
5300-03-CSP
How do I create a file system?
The following command will create, within volume group testvg, a jfs file system of 10MB with mounting point /fs1:
crfs -v jfs -g testvg -a size=10M -m /fs1
The following command will create, within volume group testvg, a jfs2 file system of 10MB with mounting point /fs2 and having read only permissions:
crfs -v jfs2 -g testvg -a size=10M -p ro -m /fs2
How do I change the size of a file system?
To increase the /usr file system size by 1000000 512-byte blocks, type:
chfs -a size=+1000000 /usr
Note:In AIX 5.3, the size of a JFS2 file system can be shrunk as well.
How do I mount a CD?
Type the following:
mount -V cdrfs -o ro /dev/cd0 /cdrom
How do I mount a file system?
The following command will mount file system /dev/fslv02 on the /test directory:
mount /dev/fslv02 /test
How do I mount all default file systems (all standard file systems in the /etc/filesystems file marked by the mount=true attribute)?
The following command will mount all such file systems:
mount {-aall}
How do I unmount a file system?
Type the following command to unmount /test file system:
umount /test
How do I display mounted file systems?
Type the following command to display information about all currently mounted file systems:
mount
How do I remove a file system?
Type the following command to remove the /test file system:
rmfs /test
How can I defragment a file system?
The defragfs command can be used to improve or report the status of contiguous space within a file system. For example, to defragment the file system /home, use the following command:
defragfs /home
Which fileset contains a particular binary?
To show bos.acct contains /usr/bin/vmstat, type:
lslpp -w /usr/bin/vmstat
Or to show bos.perf.tools contains /usr/bin/svmon, type:
which_fileset svmon
How do I display information about installed filesets on my system?
Type the following:
lslpp -l
How do I determine if all filesets of maintenance levels are installed on my system?
Type the following:
instfix -i grep ML
How do I determine if a fix is installed on my system?
To determine if IY24043 is installed, type:
instfix -ik IY24043
How do I install an individual fix by APAR?
To install APAR IY73748 from /dev/cd0, for example, enter the command:
instfix -k IY73748 -d /dev/cd0
How do I verify if filesets have required prerequisites and are completely installed?
To show which filesets need to be installed or corrected, type:
lppchk -v
How do I get a dump of the header of the loader section and the symbol entries in symbolic representation?
Type the following:
dump -Htv
How do I determine the amount of paging space allocated and in use?
Type the following:
lsps -a
How do I increase a paging space?
You can use the chps -s command to dynamically increase the size of a paging space. For example, if you want to increase the size of hd6 with 3 logical partitions, you issue the following command:
chps -s 3 hd6
How do I reduce a paging space?
You can use the chps -d command to dynamically reduce the size of a paging space. For example, if you want to decrease the size of hd6 with four logical partitions, you issue the following command:
chps -d 4 hd6
How would I know if my system is capable of using Simultaneous Multi-threading (SMT)?
Your system is capable of SMT if it's a POWER5-based system running AIX 5L Version 5.3.
How would I know if SMT is enabled for my system?
If you run the smtctl command without any options, it tells you if it's enabled or not.
Is SMT supported for the 32-bit kernel?
Yes, SMT is supported for both 32-bit and 64-bit kernel.
How do I enable or disable SMT?
You can enable or disable SMT by running the smtctl command. The following is the syntax:
smtctl [ -m off on [ -w boot now]]
The following options are available:
-m off
Sets SMT mode to disabled.
-m on
Sets SMT mode to enabled.
-w boot
Makes the SMT mode change effective on next and subsequent reboots if you run the bosboot command before the next system reboot.
-w now
Makes the SMT mode change immediately but will not persist across reboot.
If neither the -w boot or the -w now options are specified, then the mode change is made immediately. It persists across subsequent reboots if you run the bosboot command before the next system reboot.
How do I get partition-specific information and statistics?
The lparstat command provides a report of partition information and utilization statistics. This command also provides a display of Hypervisor information.
Volume groups and logical volumes
How do I know if my volume group is normal, big, or scalable?
Run the lsvg command on the volume group and look at the value for MAX PVs. The value is 32 for normal, 128 for big, and 1024 for scalable volume group.
How to create a volume group?
Use the following command, where s partition_size sets the number of megabytes (MB) in each physical partition where the partition_size is expressed in units of MB from 1 through 1024. (It's 1 through 131072 for AIX 5.3.) The partition_size variable must be equal to a power of 2 (for example: 1, 2, 4, 8). The default value for standard and big volume groups is the lowest value to remain within the limitation of 1016 physical partitions per physical volume. The default value for scalable volume groups is the lowest value to accommodate 2040 physical partitions per physical volume.
mkvg -y name_of_volume_group -s partition_size list_of_hard_disks
How can I change the characteristics of a volume group?
You use the following command to change the characteristics of a volume group:
chvg
How do I create a logical volume?
Type the following:
mklv -y name_of_logical_volume name_of_volume_group number_of_partition
How do I increase the size of a logical volume?
To increase the size of the logical volume represented by the lv05 directory by three logical partitions, for example, type:
extendlv lv05 3
How do I display all logical volumes that are part of a volume group (for example, rootvg)?
You can display all logical volumes that are part of rootvg by typing the following command:
lsvg -l rootvg
How do I list information about logical volumes?
Run the following command to display information about the logical volume lv1:
lslv lv1
How do I remove a logical volume?
You can remove the logical volume lv7 by running the following command:
rmlv lv7
The rmlv command removes only the logical volume, but does not remove other entities, such as file systems or paging spaces that were using the logical volume.
How do I mirror a logical volume?
1. mklvcopy LogicalVolumeName Numberofcopies
2. syncvg VolumeGroupName
How do I remove a copy of a logical volume?
You can use the rmlvcopy command to remove copies of logical partitions of a logical volume. To reduce the number of copies of each logical partition belonging to logical volume testlv, enter:
rmlvcopy testlv 2
Each logical partition in the logical volume now has at most two physical partitions.
Queries about volume groups
To show volume groups in the system, type:
lsvg
To show all the characteristics of rootvg, type:
lsvg rootvg
To show disks used by rootvg, type:
lsvg -p rootvg
How to add a disk to a volume group?
Type the following:
extendvg VolumeGroupName hdisk0 hdisk1 ... hdiskn
How do I find out what the maximum supported logical track group (LTG) size of my hard disk?
You can use the lquerypv command with the -M flag. The output gives the LTG size in KB. For instance, the LTG size for hdisk0 in the following example is 256 KB.
/usr/sbin/lquerypv -M hdisk0
256
You can also run the lspv command on the hard disk and look at the value for MAX REQUEST.
What does syncvg command do?
The syncvg command is used to synchronize stale physical partitions. It accepts names of logical volumes, physical volumes, or volume groups as parameters.
For example, to synchronize the physical partitions located on physical volumes hdisk6 and hdisk7, use:
syncvg -p hdisk4 hdisk5
To synchronize all physical partitions from volume group testvg, use:
syncvg -v testvg
How do I replace a disk?
1. extendvg VolumeGroupName hdisk_new
2. migratepv hdisk_bad hdisk_new
3. reducevg -d VolumeGroupName hdisk_bad
How can I clone (make a copy of ) the rootvg?
You can run the alt_disk_copy command to copy the current rootvg to an alternate disk. The following example shows how to clone the rootvg to hdisk1.
alt_disk_copy -d hdisk1
Network
How can I display or set values for network parameters?
The no command sets or displays current or next boot values for network tuning parameters.
How do I get the IP address of my machine?
Type one of the following:
ifconfig -a
host Fully_Qualified_Host_Name
For example, type host cyclop.austin.ibm.com.
How do I identify the network interfaces on my server?
Either of the following two commands will display the network interfaces:
lsdev -Cc if
ifconfig -a
To get information about one specific network interface, for example, tr0, run the command:
ifconfig tr0
How do I activate a network interface?
To activate the network interface tr0, run the command:
ifconfig tr0 up
How do I deactivate a network interface?
For example, to deactivate the network interface tr0, run the command:
ifconfig tr0 down
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